Volkswagen Jetta

Volkswagen Jetta
Volkswagen Jetta 2.5 sedan 2.jpg
Volkswagen Jetta Mk5 2.5 (US)
Manufacturer Volkswagen Passenger Cars
Production 1979–present
Predecessor None
Class Small family car
Platform Volkswagen Group A platform series

The Volkswagen Jetta is a small family car, produced by German automaker Volkswagen Group for the Volkswagen Passenger Cars marque since 1979. Positioned to fill a saloon/sedan niche above the firm's Golf hatchback offering, it has been marketed over five generations variously as the Atlantic, Bora, City Jetta, Jetta City, Fox, GLI, Jetta, Sagitar, and Vento.

The Jetta was originally adapted by adding a conventional trunk to the Golf hatchback, and some distinctive styling (usually the front end, and sometimes slight interior changes). It has been offered in two- and four-door saloon (sedan), and five-door estate (station wagon) versions - all as five-seaters. As of 2005, over 6.6 million cars have been sold worldwide, over one-third in the United States alone. Since the original version in 1980, the car has grown in size and power with each successive generation.[1]

The Jetta nameplate is a reference to the Atlantic 'jet stream', reflecting the period in Volkswagen's history when it named its vehicles after prominent winds. These also included the Volkswagen Passat (after the German word for trade wind), Volkswagen Bora (after bora), and Volkswagen Scirocco (after sirocco).[2]

Contents

First generation (A1, Typ 16)

Volkswagen Jetta[3][4]
(A1, Typ 16)
JettaDiesel1.jpg
1982 Volkswagen Jetta Mk1
Also called Volkswagen Atlantic
Volkswagen Fox
Production August 1979–February 1984[5]
571,030 built[6]
Assembly Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Wolfsburg, Germany
Uitenhage, South Africa
Body style(s) 2-door saloon/sedan
4-door saloon/sedan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen Group A1
Engine(s)

Europe and RoW:
I4 petrol engines
1.1L 50 PS (37 kW; 49 hp)
1.3L 60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp)
1.5L 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp)
1.6L 85 PS (63 kW; 84 hp)
1.6L 110 PS (81 kW; 110 hp)
1.8L 112 PS (82 kW; 110 hp)
I4 diesel engines
1.6L 54 PS (40 kW; 53 hp)
1.6L 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) TD

North America/Japan:
I4 petrol engines
1.6L 76 hp (57 kW) (MY 1980)
1.7L 74 hp (55 kW) (MY 1981-1984)
I4 diesel engines
1.6L 52 hp (39 kW) (MY 1982-1984)
1.6L 68 hp (51 kW) (MY 1983-1984)
Transmission(s) 4-speed manual
5-speed manual
3-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2,400 mm (94.5 in)
Length 4,270 mm (168.1 in)
Width 1,600 mm (63.0 in)
Height 1,300 mm (51.2 in)
Related Volkswagen Golf Mk1/Rabbit
Designer Giorgetto Giugiaro

Although the Golf had reached considerable success, in the North American markets, Volkswagen observed that the hatchback body style lacked some of the appeal to those who preferred the traditional three-box configuration. The styling of the 1970 AMC Gremlin was controversial for truncating the Hornet sedan, but Volkswagen stylists reversed the process by essentially grafting a new trunk onto the tail of the Golf to produce a larger Jetta saloon.[7] The Jetta became the best-selling European car in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.[8][9] The car is also popular in Europe, including the United Kingdom, Germany, and Turkey.[10]

The Jetta was introduced to the world at the 1979 Frankfurt Auto Show.[11] Production of the first generation began in August 1979[5] at the Wolfsburg plant.[12] In Mexico, the Mark 1 was known as the "Volkswagen Atlantic".

The car was available as a two-door saloon/sedan (replacing the aging rear-engined, rear-wheel drive Volkswagen Beetle 2-door sedan in the United States and Canada) and four-door saloon/sedan body styles, both of which shared a traditional three-box design. Like the Volkswagen Golf Mk1, its angular styling was penned at ItalDesign, by Giorgetto Giugiaro. Styling differences could be found depending on the market. In most of the world, the car was available with composite headlights, while in the USA, it was only available with rectangular sealed beam lamps due to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108 (FMVSS 108). The suspension setup was identical to the Golf and consisted of a MacPherson strut setup in front and a twist-beam rear suspension in the rear. It shared its 2.4 metre (94.5 in) wheelbase with its hatchback counterpart, although overall length was up by 380 millimetres (15 in). The capacity of the luggage compartment was 377 litres (13.3 ft3), making the Jetta reasonably practical.[13] To distinguish the car from the Golf, interiors were made more upscale in all markets.[14] This included velour seating and color coordinated sill to sill carpeting.

Engine choices varied considerably depending on the local market. Most were based on 827 engines of the era. Choices in petrol engines ranged from a 1.1 litre four-cylinder engine producing 37 kilowatts (50 PS; 50 bhp), to a 1.8 litre I4 which made 82 kilowatts (111 PS; 110 bhp) and 150 newton metres (111 ft·lbf) of torque. Some cars were equipped with carburetors, while others were fuel injected using K or KE Jetronic supplied by Robert Bosch GmbH. Diesel engine choices included a 1.6 litre making 37 kilowatts (50 PS; 50 bhp) and a turbocharged version of the same engine which produced 51 kilowatts (69 PS; 68 bhp) and 130 newton metres (96 ft·lbf) of torque.

Jetta (UK specification)

In 1984 Volkswagen offered the Jetta GLI in the US, adding many of the drivetrain features and improvements of the 1983-1984 US GTI, including the fuel-injected 90 hp engine, close-ratio 5-speed manual transmission, sport suspension, front and rear anti-sway bars, and ventilated front disc brakes. Externally, the Jetta GLI was distinguished by wide body-side moldings, a black airfoil on the driver's-side windshield wiper, black plastic trim panel between the rear taillights and GLI badging. The interior of the car sported leather 4-spoke steering wheel and shift knob, three additional gauges in the center console, sport seats similar to those in the GTI, and distinctive upholstery and interior trim. The Jetta GLI was offered in 5 colors, black, Atlas grey and red (with black interior) and white and Diamond silver (with blue interior).

Volkswagen briefly considered producing the Jetta in a plant located in Sterling Heights, Michigan in the USA.[15] However, due to declining sales in North America, the decision was postponed and finally abandoned in 1982.[16] The site was subsequently sold to Chrysler in 1983 and is still in operation as of 2009.[17] This generation was also produced in Bosnia under the joint venture Tvornica Automobila Sarajevo (TAS) for the Balkan area.[18]

Safety

Volkswagen was an early adopter of passive restraint systems. The first generation cars could be equipped with an "automatic" shoulder belt mounted to the door. The idea was to always have the belt buckled thereby doing away with the requirement that the driver and passenger remember to buckle up. Instead of a lap belt, the dashboard was designed with an integrated knee bar to prevent submarining underneath the shoulder belt.

In crash tests conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Mark 1 received five out of five stars in a 56 km/h (35 mph) frontal crash test for both driver and passenger protection.[19]

Testing and review

Jetta (North American specification)

The first generation was met with generally positive reviews. Testers found the car handled precisely, however the lack of power steering contributed to heavy steering when parking.[20] The brakes worked well for a car of the day, but some brake fade was evident. The ride was taut but firm in the typical style of German cars, with large bumps being well absorbed by the suspension but smaller undulations coming through. Reviews differed on noise levels, some found the car fairly quiet, while others thought the engine contributed to higher noise levels.[21] Critics found the seating comfortable, but noted that the rear seat lacked sufficient head room. Most major controls and displays such as the speedometer and climate controls were well liked, but some secondary switches were not well placed or intuitive. The aforementioned automatic seat belts in some markets that were attached to the door frame made it impossible to forget to buckle the belt, but it was difficult to enter the car with a package in hand. Writers liked that the luggage space was generous, especially for a car of its size. Additionally, numerous storage areas also gave practicality to the sedan. In one test, the car scored nearly as high as the more expensive Volkswagen Passat/Dasher and the Audi 80/4000.[22]

The Volkswagen Atlantic was introduced in the Mexican market in February 1981. The sole competition for the Atlantic in the Mexican market was the Renault 18. The Mark 1 continued to be manufactured and marketed in South Africa after the introduction of the Mark 2, badged as the "Fox".[23]

Second generation (A2, Typ 16 (1983-1989), 1G (1990-1992)

Volkswagen Jetta[3][4]
(A2, Typ 1G)
JettaMkII.JPG
1985 Volkswagen Jetta Mk2
Production 1984–1992
1991-present (China)
1,708,390 built[24][25]
Assembly Changchun, China
Chengdu, China
Lagos, Nigeria
Puebla, Mexico
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Uitenhage, South Africa
Westmoreland, USA
Wolfsburg, Germany
Body style(s) 2-door saloon/sedan
4-door saloon/sedan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen Group A2
Engine(s)

Europe and RoW:
I4 petrol engines 1.3L I4 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp)
1.3L cat I4 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp)
1.6L I4 55 kW (75 PS; 74 hp)
1.6L cat I4 51 kW (69 PS; 68 hp)
1.6L cat I4 53 kW (72 PS; 71 hp)
1.8L I4 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp)
1.8L cat I4 62 kW (84 PS; 83 hp)
1.8L cat I4 66 kW (90 PS; 89 hp)
1.8L I4 82 kW (111 PS; 110 hp)
1.8L cat I4 79 kW (107 PS; 106 hp)
1.8L cat 4x4 I4 72 kW (98 PS; 97 hp)
1.8L 16 valve I4 102 kW (139 PS; 137 hp)
1.8L cat 16 valve I4 95 kW (129 PS; 127 hp)

I4 diesel engines
1.6L I4 40 kW (54 PS; 54 hp)
1.6L cat I4 44 kW (60 PS; 59 hp) ECOdiesel
1.6L I4 51 kW (69 PS; 68 hp) Turbodiesel
1.6L I4 59 kW (80 PS; 79 hp) Turbodiesel

North America:

I4 gasoline engines (EA827)

1.8L 85 hp (63 kW) (MY 1985-1987)
1.8L non-cat, Canada only95 hp (71 kW) (MY 1985-1987)
1.8L GLI 102 hp (76 kW) (MY 1985-1987)
1.8L 100 hp (75 kW) (MY 1988-1992)
1.8L 105 hp (78 kW) (MY 1988-1992)
1.8L 16V 123 hp (92 kW) (MY 1987-1989)
2.0L 16V 134 hp (100 kW) (MY 1990-1992)

I4 diesel engine (EA827)

1.6L Diesel 59 hp (44 kW) (MY 1985-1992) 1.6L Turbo Diesel 68 hp (51 kW) (MY 1985-1992)

1.6L ECODiesel 62 hp (46 kW) (MY 1991-1992)
Transmission(s) 4-speed manual
5-speed manual
3-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2,470 mm (97.2 in)
Length 1985-88: 4,346 mm (171.1 in)
1989-92: 4,385 mm (172.6 in)
Width 1,680 mm (66.1 in)
1985-88 base models: 1,665 mm (65.6 in)
Height 1,410 mm (55.5 in)
Related SEAT Toledo Mk1
Volkswagen Golf Mk2
Volkswagen Scirocco Mk2
Volkswagen Corrado

The Mark 2 series is the longest running Jetta so far. Introduced to Europe in early 1984 and to North America in 1985, the second generation Jetta proved to be a sales success for Volkswagen. The car secured the title of best-selling European car in North America, Farmers Journal COTY 1991 and outsold the similar Golf by two-to-one in that market.[26] Based on the all new second generation Golf platform, the car was larger, heavier, and could seat five people instead of four as in the Mark 1. Exterior dimensions increased in all directions. Overall length was up by 100 millimetres (3.9 in), the wheelbase grew 66 millimetres (2.6 in), and the width went up 53 millimetres (2.1 in). The suspension setup was basically unchanged from the first generation, although refined slightly. Aerodynamics improved considerably, with a drag coefficient of 0.36.[27] With a 470 litre (16.6 ft3) luggage compartment, the trunk had grown nearly as large as some full sized American sedans.[28] Interior room was also increased 14%, which changed the EPA class from sub-compact to compact.

Cars built in Germany were assembled in a brand new (at the time) plant at Wolfsburg in Assembly Hall 54. The plant was heavily robotised in an effort to make build quality more consistent.[29] New innovations on the second generation included an optional trip computer (sometimes referred to as the MFA), as well as silicone dampened engine and transmission mounts to reduce noise, vibration, and harshness levels. In 1988, a more advanced fully electronic fuel injection system became available. This arrangement is known as the Digifant Engine Management system.

1985-1989 Volkswagen Jetta coupé

Like the Mark 1, the second generation was offered as a two-door or four-door saloon/sedan. External changes throughout the series' run were few: the front-quarter windows were eliminated in 1988 (along with a grille and door trim change), and larger body-colored bumpers and lower side skirts were added from 1990.

In 2007, Volkswagen of America held a contest to find the diesel powered Volkswagen with the highest distance traveled on the original engine.[30] The winning car was a 1986 Jetta Turbodiesel found in Blue Rock, Ohio which had 562,000 miles (904,000 km).[31] A local dealer verified the odometer reading. Notable on this particular car was that it also had the original muffler despite being located in an area subject to road salt in the winter.

Safety

Jetta 4-door (German specification)

In a crash test conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Jetta received three out of five stars for both driver and passenger protection in a 56 km/h (35 mph) frontal crash test. The Highway Loss Data Institute (part of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) found the injury and collision losses for the Jetta to be among the best of the small 4-door sedan category.[32] It was topped only by the Golf. Earlier models had the dubious distinction of having an especially high rate of radio theft.[33] Apparently, the mounting of the radio made it especially easy to remove quickly. To correct the problem, Volkswagen introduced a theft protection system to all cars. When the power supply to the radio was removed, it automatically went into "safe" mode. When plugged back in, it would not work unless a secret code was entered. This made it essentially useless to thieves, although provided a hassle to customers who misplaced their code card.

North America

The Jetta did not differ greatly from its European twin (at least as much as the Golf did), besides requirements such as bumpers, glass, etc. Also, North American models in general have a narrower range of specification available. For example, most models had things like a bigger engine, full console, door panel pockets, velour seating, and, later on, power steering, height adjustable steering column, and tachometer, standard. They also lacked some higher level options of European variants. The Jetta was perceived as slightly upmarket from the Golf. The level of features always was a step above (standard passive restraint in 1988, standard power steering in 1990, 14" wheels available for most years, etc.).

Canadian spec models were even better equipped. Generally, the Canadian base models received the same level of options as an American GL, and the same with the GL and Carat. Other Canadian specification differences were diesel engines (both naturally aspirated and Turbo) available for all years (in the US, there was no diesel for 1988, and only the n/a for 1989 and 1990), a 2 door model for 1992 (it was dropped in the US), the early Carat model (which had heated velour sport seats, a GLi engine, and optional automatic), and color and trim differences.

Testing and review

The car received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the car's excellent handling, as well as a roomier interior compared to the last generation.[27] Stiff shifting manual transmissions were a downside, and braking worked reasonably well although some brake fade was evident in the lower trim lines equipped with solid discs in front and drums in back. A number of reviews noted that the ride was stiff and busy, even though it did have good control typical of German cars. Despite additional sound insulation, road noise was evident especially on coarse pavement.[34] In top sport trim (sometimes called the GLI or GTX), some reviewers noted the car was a less expensive alternative to a BMW or Audi.[35] The sport trim added larger wheels, a stiffer suspension, and closer ratios on the manual transmission. Later models of the Mark 2 GLI had a 16 valve dual cam engine, originally a 1.8 litre engine and beginning in 1990 with the newer Mark 2 body style an upgrade to a 2.0 litre 16 valve (in North America).

Worldwide production

Volkswagen Jetta King (China)

Besides the Volkswagen production base in Germany, this generation was produced in a number of foreign countries, including China, Nigeria, Mexico, South Africa, USA, and the former Yugoslavia. The Mark 2 Jetta went on to become the first Volkswagen model produced in China by Volkswagen Group China's second joint venture partner FAW-Volkswagen. Production began on 5 December 1991. Initially sold as complete knock down (CKD) kits, local manufacturing has gradually taken over in the form of Semi-Knocked Down kits in 1992, and full local production in 1995.[36]

The car has had two revisions since its inception in China, the first facelift borrowed spare grilles left around from the fourth generation Volkswagen Passat in 1997. Production started in August 1998, and its name was changed to the Jetta King. The second facelift was revealed in March 2004 (taking influences from Volkswagen's most expensive model, the Phaeton. On 29 July 2007, it was announced that First Automotive Works expanded its production of the Mark 2 Jetta by building a new assembly plant in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in Southwest China.[37] The expansion was driven by the high demand for the car, a desire to expand in the western part of the country, as well as the long term goal of FAW to develop new derivatives from the car's platform independently of Volkswagen.

Engines

Third generation (A3, Typ 1H)

Volkswagen Vento
(A3, Typ 1H)
96-98 Volkswagen Jetta.jpg
1996-1998 Volkswagen Jetta (US)
Also called Volkswagen Vento
Production January 1992–February 1999[5]
Assembly Osnabrück,[5] Germany,
Puebla,[5] Mexico
Wolfsburg,[5] Germany
Body style(s) 4-door saloon/sedan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen Group A3
Engine(s)

Petrol engines:[5]
1.6L 55 kW (75 PS) I4 (ABU/AEA/AEE)
1.6L 74 kW (101 PS) I4 (AEK/AFT)
1.8L 55 kW (75 PS) I4 (AAM)
1.8L 66 kW (90 PS) I4 (ABS/ADZ/ADD)
2.0L 85 kW (116 PS) I4 (2E/ADY/AGG)
2.8L 128 kW (174 PS) VR6 12v (AAA)
Diesel engines:[5]
1.9L 47 kW (64 PS) I4 (1Y)
1.9L 47 kW (64 PS) I4 SDI (AEY)
1.9L 55 kW (75 PS) I4 Turbo (AAZ)
1.9L 66 kW (90 PS) I4 TDI (1Z/AHU)

1.9L 81 kW (110 PS) I4 TDI (AFN)
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase 2,470 mm (97.2 in)
Length 4,400 mm (173.2 in)
Width 1,690 mm (66.5 in)
Height 1,430 mm (56.3 in)
Related Volkswagen Golf Mk3
Designer Herbert Schafer

For the third generation, the Jetta name was discontinued, and it was officially re-named the Volkswagen Vento in European countries, following the precedent of naming cars for winds debuted in 1992, while the Jetta 3 debuted in North America in 1993 after production delays and quality problems at the Volkswagen plant in Puebla, Mexico.[38] The name "Vento" means "wind" in both Portuguese and Italian. It went on sale in most of Europe in the first quarter of the year, though it did not arrive on the British market until September 1992.

Because of the success of the second generation in North America, Volkswagen decided to keep the Jetta nameplate. However, in Europe the car was given its new name to appeal to a younger market.[39]

Interior

Styling was penned by a design team led by Herbert Schafer, and again the car became more aerodynamic than the previous generation. Although visually similar to the Mark 2, there were many refinements underneath. The two-door model was dropped, aerodynamics were improved, with the car now having a drag coefficient of 0.32.[40] This included a new structure which now met worldwide crash standards.[41] Suspensions were an evolutionary rather than revolutionary refinement of the setup on previous editions. In addition, the car became more environmentally friendly with the use of recycled plastics, CFC-free air conditioning systems, and paint that did not contain heavy metals.[42]

This generation of the car is widely credited for keeping Volkswagen from pulling out of the North American market.[38][43] At the time of its introduction in 1993, Volkswagen of America's sales hit a low not seen since the 1950s. The division sold only 43,902 cars in that year. Sales began slowly due to the aforementioned issues at the Puebla plant.[44] However, sales rebounded dramatically in the following years, mostly based on the strength of the Jetta, which continued to be the best selling Volkswagen in the USA.[45]

Safety

1993-1995 Jetta (US)

When equipped with dual airbags, the Mark 3 received three out of five stars in a 56 km/h (35 mph) frontal crash test carried out by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.[46] In a 64 km/h (40 mph) frontal offset crash test conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the car received a score of "Marginal".[47]

Testing and review

Newly available on the third generation was Volkswagen Group's 1.9 litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) 67 kilowatts (91 PS; 90 bhp) diesel engine. Fuel economy was a strong point with ratings of 5.7 L/100 km (50 mpg-imp; 41 mpg-US) urban cycle and 4.8 L/100 km (59 mpg-imp; 49 mpg-US) extra urban. In top trim lines, the 2.8 litre VR6 DOHC six-cylinder engine was available. In one car magazine's test, the 128 kilowatts (174 PS; 172 bhp) power plant was able to accelerate the car from 0 to 97 km/h (60 mph) in 6.9 seconds.[45]

Vento (German specification)

Reviews were generally positive, with testers praising the crisp handling and comfortable ride, as well as a greater level of refinement compared with the previous generation.[48] However, some reviews noted that the more sporty suspension tuning found in some trims made the car bouncy, especially on the expressway.[49] The manual transmission shifted crisply; however, the automatic transmission reduced acceleration noticeably. Some critics complained that the controls had some quirks, including a cryptic windshield wiper control, where the "off" position was unfittingly placed between the "intermittent" and "continuous" modes. If equipped, power window controls had the unusual arrangement of the front buttons located on the door, while the rear buttons were located on the center console. As with previous generations, the luggage compartment provided generous space. However, unlike previous cars, the rear seat was able to fold forward in order to expand luggage space further. In earlier build cars, the glove compartment was deleted if the car was equipped with dual airbags, and in the later models (when airbags became standard equipment), the glove compartment was small and could barely hold the owner's manual and a folding paper map. There were also some complaints about the lack of cup holders in the earlier cars, as well as the lack of a safety interlock which would require the driver to press the clutch pedal prior to starting the car. The 1994 through 1996 models of the Jetta had some electrical issues causing the car not to start and shorting to occur in some of the electrical devices due to a non existent plastic V underneath the windshield, which was added in later models to divert rain water flowing to the electrical box.[50] The catastrophe of this glitch can be avoided by removing leaves and debris that have accumulated below the windshield and by installing adhesive weather sealant linings underneath the plastic cover directly onto the windshield.

Another major complaint was that the North American TDI model was not rated to tow a trailer, which, according to the owner's manual, is "for technical reasons." Contrary to the American market, The European TDI model, which has an identical power train and chassis, was rated to tow a trailer according to the owner's manual. Many North American TDI owners speculated that Volkswagen decided not to risk liability issues on the American market, and some owners disregarded the owner's manual and installed hitches on their vehicles. Owners argue that the diesel engine delivers superior towing performance compared to a gasoline engine.

Specifications [51][52]

Fourth generation (A4, Typ 1J)

Volkswagen Bora
(A4, Typ 1J)
VW Jetta sedan.jpg
1999-2001 Volkswagen Jetta (U.S.)
Also called Volkswagen Jetta
Volkswagen City Jetta
(Jetta City in 2009)
Volkswagen Bora Classic Edition(China)
Production 1998–2005 - Europe
1999–present - China & Mexico
Assembly Bratislava,[5] Slovakia
Changchun,[5] China
Poznan,[5] Poland
Puebla,[5] Mexico
Solomonovo, Ukraine
Uitenhage,[5] South Africa
Wolfsburg,[5] Germany
Body style(s) 4-door saloon/sedan
4-door estate/wagon
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen Group A4 (PQ34)
Engine(s)

Petrol engines:
1.4L 55 kW I4
1.6L 74 kW I4
1.6L 77 kW I4 16v
1.8L 110 kW I4 Turbo
1.8L 134 kW I4 Turbo
2.0L 85 kW I4
2.3L 110 kW VR5
2.3L 125 kW VR5
2.8L 128 kW VR6 12v
2.8L 130 kW VR6 12v
2.8L 150 kW VR6 24v

Diesel engines:
1.9L 50 kW I4 SDI
1.9L 66 kW I4 TDI
1.9L 75 kW I4 TDI
1.9L 81 kW I4 TDI
1.9L 85 kW I4 TDI
1.9L 96 kW I4 TDI
1.9L 110 kW I4 TDI
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual
6-speed manual
4-speed 01M automatic
5-speed automatic
Wheelbase saloon: 2,510 mm (98.8 in)
estate: 2,520 mm (99.2 in)
Length saloon: 4,380 mm (172.4 in)
estate: 4,410 mm (173.6 in)
Width 1,730 mm (68.1 in)
Height saloon: 1,440 mm (56.7 in)
estate: 1,490 mm (58.7 in)
'08 City Jetta sedan: 1,445 mm (56.9 in)
Related Volkswagen Golf Mk4
Audi A3 Mk1
SEAT León Mk1
SEAT Toledo Mk2
Škoda Octavia Mk1

Production of the fourth generation car began in July 1998.[53] Carrying on the wind nomenclature, the car was known as the Volkswagen Bora in much of the world. Bora is a winter wind which blows intermittently over the coast of the Adriatic Sea, as well as in parts of Greece, Russia, Turkey, and in the Sliven region of Bulgaria. In North America and South Africa, the Jetta moniker was again kept on due to the continued popularity of the car in those markets.

Bora (German specification)

The Mk4 debuted shortly after its larger sibling, the Passat, with which it shared many styling cues. The rounded shape and arched roofline served as the new Volkswagen styling trademark, abandoning traditional sharp creases for more curved corners. A distinguishing feature of the Mk4 is its Whiptenna, a trademark for the antenna on the rear end of the roof, which claims to incur less drag than traditional antennas due to its short length and leeward position. For the first time, the rear passenger doors differed from those of a 5-door Golf. The car was also offered as a estate/wagon (whose rear doors are also non-interchangeable with the others). New on this generation were some advanced options such as rain sensor controlled windshield wipers and automatic climate control. However, being a Volkswagen, these were expensive extras and many buyers did not specify them on their cars; as a result the used market is full of sparsely equipped models.

2004-2005 Volkswagen Jetta sedan (US)

Although slightly shorter overall than the Mark 3, the fourth generation saw the wheelbase extended slightly. Some powertrain options were carried over. Nevertheless, two new internal combustion engines were offered, the 1.8 litre turbo 4-cylinder (often referred to as the 1.8 20vT), and the VR5 (a 5-cylinder derivative of the VR6 engine). The suspension setup remained much as before. However, it was softened considerably in most models to give a comfortable ride, which was met with some criticism as it was still quite hard in comparison with rivals such from French makers.[54]

1999–2001 Volkswagen Bora (1J) sedan (Australia)

Diesel

In 2004, a new range of "Pumpe-Düse" Unit Injector diesel engines were offered. This new design employed advanced unit injectors, along with additional electronics and emissions equipment to meet new air emissions standards in Europe and North America, and is considerably more complex than the older diesel engines previously offered. To accomplish the task of producing sufficient power while meeting emissions standards, the "PD" technology injects fuel directly into the combustion chamber at pressures up to an incredibly high 2,050 bar (30,000 psi).[55] The purpose of the high pressure is to promote fine atomisation of the fuel which supports more complete combustion. To reduce noise, the engine employs a "pilot injection" system which injects a small amount of fuel prior to the main injection. All of the new generation of diesel engines require a special motor oil which meets Volkswagen oil specification 505.01 (or newer). Serious damage to the engine, particularly the camshaft and injectors will result if oil not meeting this standard is used.

Safety

Safety on the fourth generation cars was a high priority for Volkswagen.[56] The car was built using such advanced processes as highly mechanised presses, improved measuring techniques, and laser welding of the roof. In crash tests, the fourth generation car received very good marks. In the New Car Assessment Program tests conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the car received five out of five stars for both driver and passenger protection in a 56 km/h (35 mph) frontal impact.[57] New side impact tests at 62 km/h (38.5 mph) awarded the car four out of five stars for both driver and rear seat passenger protection. In the more severe 64 km/h (40 mph) offset test conducted by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, the Mark 4 was awarded the highest score of "Good".[58] Injury, collision, and theft losses were low for a car of its class.[59]

Testing and review

Critics usually found the fourth generation acceptable. The car was praised for its adequate handling as well as a moderately comfortable ride.[60] Other reviewers noted the car to be an ugly and somewhat expensive choice in the compact car segment, some simply referred to it as a golf with a boot on the back added as a last minute addition.[61] Some complaints were made that the back seats lacked adequate room for two adults.[62] Some found the seat cushioning too firm. The interior was praised for the high level of fit, but is quite bland, sparsely equipped, and uninspiring.[63] New in this generation was Volkswagen's signature blue and red instrument lighting which became standard in all models in 1999. The climate controls were placed low on the console. The recirculation mode cannot be turned on when air is vented to the windshield, and if the driver changes the climate control to vent air to the windshield, an internal mechanism would turn off the recirculation mode. The power outlet is recessed next to the ash tray and is covered with two flaps, one of which is shared with the ash tray. Retractable cup holders were placed directly above the stereo, obscuring vision of the stereo display and allowing beverages to spill on the stereo, gear selector, and other sensitive components during erratic vehicle movements. The flimsy plastic construction of the retractable cup holder is likely to fail with normal use. Rear passengers do not have access to cup holders. These problems were rectified in 2002 by placing two recessed cup holders in tandem in the center console and another behind the arm rest pedestal for rear passengers. The driver must raise the arm rest to access the center cup holder, and a large beverage occupying the front cup holder obstructs the driver's ability to pull the hand brake.

Typical damage to front bumper cover from inadequate ground clearance.
Typical damage to the front bumper cover resulting from parking into a curb without adequate ground clearance. The bumper cover has been temporarily fixed into place with white duct tape.

Drivers complained that the front bumper cover does not have adequate ground clearance to clear a curb in a parking space. In addition to scratching the cover, if the driver drives the Jetta too far forward into a parking space, the bumper cover would have a tendency to hook onto the curb like a barb, and as the driver backs out of the parking space, the entire front bumper cover would be torn off the vehicle.

The earlier models have a few quality control issues, as a number of owners reported windows falling into the doors, electrical problems, and emissions system defects.[64][65] The fourth generation takes approximately 52 hours per vehicle to assemble in the Puebla factory.[66] In contrast, General Motors' Spring Hill Assembly Plant took approximately 18 hours to build a Saturn Ion, a car similar in size to the Mk4.

Estate (station wagon)

Jetta wagon (US)

Volkswagen introduced an estate/station wagon version of the fourth generation car in January 2001 at the Los Angeles Auto Show.[67] This was the first time an "A" platform Volkswagen was available in North America with that body style. Although the saloon/sedan was built in a number of locations, all Jetta estate models were built in the Wolfsburg plant.[68] In back, 963 litres (34 ft3) of space was available in the cargo compartment. When the rear seats were folded, the car could hold 1473 litres (52 ft3). Like the saloon/sedan, the estate/wagon received high marks from most reviewers.[69][70] They noted that the cargo area was large and useful. Additionally, the interior kept its top quality fit and finish, although the rear seat was still a bit small.

In Europe, the estate version was sometimes sold as part of the Golf line, either in addition to or instead of the Bora. Other than different front bumpers, fenders, headlights, and hood, the cars were identical.

Ongoing production

2008 Volkswagen City Jetta (Canada)

As of 2009, the fourth generation car is still sold in addition to the newer Mark 5, due to higher pricing of the fifth generation in some countries such as Colombia, China, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. Like its second generation predecessor, the Mark 4 continues to be manufactured and marketed in China by Volkswagen Group's joint venture partner FAW-Volkswagen China.

In China, the car received a facelift in the summer of 2006, with a Passat Mk5 lookalike face. A hatchback version (i.e. the Golf) is also produced, but is badged as the Bora HS.[71] The model available in Mexico, Canada, Brazil and Argentina for 2008 was likewise facelifted with the same design found in China.

In October 2006, Volkswagen re-released the fourth generation car in Canada (for the 2007 model year) as the City Jetta.[72] The move was made to allow Volkswagen to be more competitive with the rest of the compact class as the fifth generation Jetta had moved upscale versus much of the competition. In 2008, the car was restyled to bring its looks up to date with the rest of the Volkswagen lineup. The only engine available is the 2.0 litre 8-valve SOHC 86 kilowatts (117 PS; 115 bhp) gasoline four cylinder with an available six-speed tiptronic (with Sport mode) that was added as an option in 2008. In 2009, both model names were changed to Jetta City and Golf City. The Jetta City had been discontinued for the 2010 model year, while the Golf City will be sold until the end of 2010.The City Jetta is built alongside the fifth generation in the Puebla Assembly Plant.

In Mexico, the 4th generation Jetta has been their most successful model for years, peaking in June 2009 on the top 1 and being fourth as of October 2009, just below Nissan's Tsuru (Sentra B13), Chevrolet's Chevy (Opel Corsa B) and the Brazilian Volkswagen Gol. Nevertheless, it is the best selling compact car in the country. Volkswagen decided to keep sales along with the Bora (Jetta V, which is the fifth best seller) with the tagline Why do we want a Jetta? Because the heart gives no reasons.

In Mexico, a 1.8 litre 178 hp (133 kW) turbo in the Nuevo Jetta GLI and a TDI 1.9 L 100 hp (75 kW) engine are available.

The Chinese model received further modifications in 2009, marketed as the New Bora with the wheelbase increased to 2,610 millimetres (102.8 in).

Fifth generation (A5, Typ 1K)

Volkswagen Jetta
(A5, Typ 1K)
JettaMkV.JPG
2006 Volkswagen Jetta 2.5
Also called Volkswagen Bora
Volkswagen GLI
Volkswagen Sagitar
Volkswagen Vento
Volkswagen Golf Wagon (Canada, 2010-)
Production 2005–2010
Assembly Changchun, China
Puebla, Mexico
Uitenhage, South Africa
Aurangabad, India (CKD)
Kaluga, Russia (CKD)
Class Compact car
Body style(s) 4-door saloon/sedan
4-door station wagon
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen Group A5 (PQ35)
Engine(s)

Petrol engines:
1.6L 75 kW (100 hp) I4
1.6L 85 kW (115 hp) FSI I4
2.0L 85 kW (115 hp) 8V I4
2.0L 110 kW (150 hp) FSI I4
2.5L 110 kW (150 hp) I5
2.5L 125 kW (170 hp) I5
1.4L 103 kW (140 hp) TSI I4
1.4L 125 kW (170 hp) TSI I4
1.8L 110 kW (150 hp) 20V Turbo I4
1.8L 118kW (160 hp) TSI I4
2.0L 147 kW (200 hp) I4 TFSI
Diesel engines:
1.9L 77 kW (105 hp) I4 TDI
2.0L 103 kW (140 hp) I4 TDI

2.0L 125 kW (170 hp) I4 TDI
Transmission(s) 5-speed manual 04A
6-speed manual 02Q
6-speed automatic 09G
6-speed DSG 02E
7-speed DSG 0AM
Wheelbase 2,580 mm (101.6 in)
Length 4,550 mm (179.1 in)
Wagon: 179.4 in (4557 mm)
Width 1,760 mm (69.3 in)
2010- Wagon: 70.1 in (1,781 mm)
Height 1,460 mm (57.5 in)
Wagon: 59.2 in (1504 mm)
Related Audi A3 Mk2
Volkswagen Golf/Rabbit Mk5
SEAT León Mk2
SEAT Toledo Mk3
SEAT Altea
Škoda Octavia Mk2
Automated assembly at Puebla

The fifth generation debuted at the Los Angeles Auto Show on 5 January 2005. It was only the second Volkswagen product to make its world debut at a U.S. Auto show (the other being the New Beetle).[73] Furthermore, the Mark 5 saloon/sedan went on sale in the USA prior to any other country, reflecting the importance of the car in that market for Volkswagen.[74] US$800 million was spent upgrading the factory in Puebla for its production. This included a US$290 million new engine production line for the 5 cylinder power plant, a US$50 million investment in the press shop, as well as a US$200 million purchase of 460 robots, which increased automation by 80%.

Although produced in the largest volumes in Mexico, final assembly of the car also takes place in China and South Africa for those respective markets.[75] Like initial production of the second generation in China, the Asian and African plants build the car from a complete knock down (CKD) kit shipped from the factory in Puebla. Local assembly in Kaluga, Russia started in early 2008.[76] Production also began in India in 2008.[77] Currently, the Skoda factory in Aurangabad is used for final assembly.[78] As with the previously mentioned assembly plants, CKD kits from Volkswagen de México will be used.

The fifth generation car has the widest variety of names of any generation. In most countries, it is referred to as the Jetta. Exceptions to this include "Bora" in Mexico and Colombia, "Vento" in Argentina and Chile, and "Sagitar" in China.[79][80][81] The Mark 5 is 170 millimetres (6.7 in) longer, 30 millimetres (1.2 in) wider, and has a 70 millimetres (2.8 in) longer wheelbase than the previous iteration. Interior room has increased from 2.46 cubic metres (87 ft3) to 2.58 cubic metres (91 ft3). In particular, rear legroom was increased by 65 millimetres (2.6 in) over the fourth generation. Luggage compartment volume is up to 453 litres (16 ft3). One major change is the introduction of the first multi-link independent rear suspension in a Jetta. The design of the rear suspension is nearly identical to the one found in the Ford Focus.[82] Volkswagen reportedly hired engineers from Ford who designed the suspension on the Focus.[54]

Styling reflects a new direction for the Volkswagen brand, with a new chrome front grille, first seen on the Golf Mk5 R32, which has spread to other models.[83] Some critics appreciated the new styling, whilst others dismissed it as just as bland as the 4th generation.[84][85]

For model year 2009, certain markets saw a new base model internal combustion engine and automatic transmission. The previous 2.0 litre four-cylinder engine, and six-speed automatic transmission, were replaced with a smaller, more powerful, and more fuel efficient, 1.4 litre turbocharged four-cylinder engine, and six-speed DSG transmission (the same as used in the new Golf Mk5). As a result of the change, fuel consumption has been reduced ( (increased?) by 17% for the manual, from 8.2 L/100 km (34 mpg-imp; 29 mpg-US) down to 6.8 L/100 km (42 mpg-imp; 35 mpg-US)), and 23% for the automatic, from 8.6 L/100 km (33 mpg-imp; 27 mpg-US) down to 6.6 L/100 km (43 mpg-imp; 36 mpg-US). Power has increased 7%, from 110 kilowatts (150 PS; 148 bhp), to 118 kilowatts (160 PS; 158 bhp), while torque is up 20%. In addition, acceleration times 0–100 kilometres per hour (0–62.1 mph) have improved, from 9.2 s to 8.5 s for the manual (an 8% improvement), and from 9.9 s to 8.5 s for the automatic (a 14% improvement).

Features

Jetta (German specification)

The body of the fifth generation uses extensive high strength steel, and use of laser welding is up from 5% to 35% of body parts.[86] This results in double-digit increases in both dynamic and torsional rigidity. Other body innovations include an impact-absorbing front bumper which yields slightly in the event of a collision with a pedestrian, reducing the chance of injury. A new door design allows just the outer panel to be removed and replaced if damaged, rather than the entire door.[87] Safety was again enhanced with many active and passive features available or standard. These included side curtain airbags, seat-mounted rear side airbags, new generation Electronic Stability Programme with Anti-Slip Regulation and Brake assist, as well as active head restraints. A Direct-Shift Gearbox (DSG) transmission, available dual-zone automatic climate control, and electro-mechanical power steering are also new innovations.

Halogen headlamp showing the bulb shield incorporating the VW logo

The fifth generation car has a totally redesigned electrical system.[88] Control modules are used for everything from the radio to the powertrain, transmitting over Controller Area Network (CAN) buses. Transmission of signals is done digitally at 500 kilobits per second, which reduces the number of wires needed, and thus reduces the chance for faults. Cars equipped with halogen headlamps have a 'VW' logo integrated into the bulb shield. In most of the world, the rear lights use light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, in North American specification cars, standard filament bulbs with a different design are used.

Volkswagen has developed a very strict motor oil quality standard,oil meeting this standard must be used to ensure full warranty coverage.[89]

Engines

Volkswagen 2.5L Engine.
Volkswagen 2.5L Engine.

The internal combustion engines available are dependent on the destination market. In Europe, a range of the new generation Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) engines are available. Additionally in that market, the car can be had with an engine known as the 'Twincharger' (TSI). This 1.4 litre petrol engine combines turbo- and supercharging, to make a small but powerful engine with low fuel consumption.[90] The Jetta available in the Americas and the Middle East, is powered by a 2.5 litre 5-cylinder 20-valve engine in most trims. This engine shares its cylinder head design with the V10 engine found in the Lamborghini Gallardo.[91]

In North America, the Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine was not offered in five U.S. states when the Mark 5 Jetta was introduced, due to the tight emission standards promulgated by the California Air Resources Board. The four other states involved opted to adopt the more stringent California standards. Where it was available, it fell into the least-restrictive emission category. That category was removed in 2007, prompting the diesel Jetta to be unavailable in that market for about a year until the introduction of a new common rail diesel engine, which appeared in August 2008.[92] The introduction was delayed for approximately six months due to technical issues with the new emissions control system.[93] The TDI Clean Diesel engine is rated 140 metric horsepower (103 kW; 138 bhp), and uses advanced features such as a diesel particulate filter and NOx-storage catalyst (vs. AdBlue) to reduce NOx in order to qualify as a Tier II Bin 5 vehicle (equivalent to California's LEV II rating), and thereby allowing it to be sold in all 50 U.S. states. AdBlue (urea injection fluid) is not required, further reducing maintenance requirements.

In the U.S., Edmunds pitted a Jetta TDI automatic against hybrids like Prius, Insight, Fusion hybrid and a MINI Cooper with manual transmission over two days of mixed city and highway driving.[94]

Jetta (French specification)
2009 VW Jetta TDI A6 2010 Toyota Prius 2010 Honda Insight 2010 Ford Fusion hybrid 2009 MINI Cooper M6
Back roads 41.2 47.2 44.1 39.6 38.5
City loop 31.6 48.7 43.4 35.1 30.1
Highway 40.6 47.4 38.6 36.0 33.3
Overall 38.1 47.6 42.3 37.3 34.5
EPA City/Hwy 29/40 51/48 40/43 41/36 28/37

Safety

A 2005 Jetta crash-tested by the IIHS

In IIHS crash testing the Jetta received an overall "Good" rating in both front offset and side impact tests. In the side impact test the Jetta received "Good" marks in all nine measured categories.[95][96] In 2005, the Institute noted that the side impact protection performance was the best they had ever rated.[97] In 2006, the car received a "Top Safety Pick" award from the Institute.[98] The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration gave the fifth generation Jetta 4/5 stars for both driver and passenger protection in a frontal impact, while the car received 5/5 stars stars in a side impact crash test.[99] To tout the safety of the car, a series of television commercials with the tag line "Safe happens" showed the car being involved in a collision whilst afterward the occupants are shown to have emerged unscathed.

Testing and review

Jetta GLI (US)

The fifth generation has received generally positive reviews. Nevertheless, some critics have complained that the car lost some of its distinctive European character with the redesign.[100] Most reviewers found the ride to be firm and well controlled, but not always as forgiving as the previous generation. Handling was a strong point, with quick and precise steering and minimal body roll. Fit and finish received excellent marks, with reviewers noting the car felt very upscale.[101] The front seats were firm but well liked, and the rear seat was roomy, in contrast to the cramped quarters in the fourth generation. Controls and displays were generally good.[102] Reviewers were particularly impressed with the "Sportline" models (known as the GLI in North America). Equipped with sport seats, a firmer suspension lowered by 15 millimetres (0.59 in), and low profile tyres, critics praised the excellent handling that was an improvement over the already good performance on the standard model.[103] Additionally, the 2.0 Turbo FSI engine also won commendation for its high power figures, smooth operation, and low fuel consumption.[104] Along with its hatchback brethren, the fifth generation ranks among the top cars on the market in independent reviews of resale value.[105]

Although improved over the fourth generation, the Mark 5 still takes over 42 hours to assemble at the factory in Mexico.[66] Part of this disparity is blamed on the switch to the more complex independent rear suspension. Volkswagen has publicly stated its discontent over the excessive assembly time, and pledged to streamline manufacturing in the next generation of A platform cars.[106] In the interim, Volkswagen de México is making a concerted effort to further increase productivity at the plant, by consulting outside experts from Toyota and other Japanese companies.[75] By implementing many lean manufacturing principles and techniques, a goal has been set to increase productivity levels at the factory by 30% or more in the coming years.

Jetta SportWagen

See also: Volkswagen Golf Variant
2010 Volkswagen Jetta TDI Sportwagen (US)
2009 Volkswagen Jetta SportWagen

At the 2007 New York International Auto Show, Volkswagen unveiled a station wagon version dubbed the Jetta SportWagen.[107] The Jetta wagon was not sold for the 2006, 2007 and 2008 model years in the United States.

The SportWagen has 930L (32.8 ft3) of cargo space with the rear seats upright, or 1894L (66.9 ft3) with the seats folded. One unique option is a panoramic sunroof. The available roof is a full 1.18 square metres (12.7 ft2) in area, giving both front and rear seat passengers an expansive view of the sky.

A similar model is sold as the Golf Variant in most markets outside the United States. In Mexico it is sold as the Bora Sportwagen and later Golf SportWagen with front fascia updates, Jetta Variant in Brazil, Vento Variant in Argentina, Jetta Wagon in Canada (2009 only), Golf wagon in Canada (2010 onwards), and Golf Estate in the United Kingdom.

The 2010-model Jetta SportWagen is based on the fifth-generation Volkswagen Golf, despite the sixth-generation front facelift.

2010 Jetta TDI Cup "Street" edition

It is a version commemorating the 2008+ Jetta TDI Cup Race series, and based on the TDI Clean Diesel sedan. The same 140 hp (104 kW) diesel motor is supplied, but the package includes GLI brakes and sway bars, "TDI Cup Edition" body side stickers, 18-in wheels with Pirelli P-Zero or Yokohama ADVAN 225/40R18 sport tires, and an Interlagos cloth interior with sport seats and a black headliner. It can be purchased with either a 6-speed Manual or DSG transmission (DSG includes paddle shifters), and a "Thunderbunny" body kit is optional (and available from VW only on the Cup edition).

The vehicle was unveiled in 2008 SEMA show. The production version went on sale in January 2010 with a base MSRP of $24,990USD (not including destination or options).[108]

Sixth generation (NCS)

Volkswagen Jetta
(NCS)
Also called New Compact Sedan (NCS)
Production 2010-onward
Assembly Puebla, Mexico
Class Compact car
Body style(s) 4-door saloon/sedan
Layout Front-engine, front-wheel drive
Platform Volkswagen Group A5 (PQ35)
Engine(s) 2.5L I5
2.0L I4
2.0L TSI I4
2.0L I4 TDI
Wheelbase 2,650 mm (104.3 in)
Length 4,640 mm (182.7 in)
Width 1,780 mm (70.1 in)
Height 1,450 mm (57.1 in)
Related Volkswagen Golf
Volkswagen Tiguan
Audi A3
Volkswagen Passat
Audi TT

The sixth generation Volkswagen Jetta, known as the NCS (New Compact Sedan) during its development, was announced in the North American market in June 2010.[109] The new model is larger and cheaper to produce than the previous Jetta[110] making the vehicle more competitive against rivals such as the Toyota Corolla and Honda Civic[111] as part of Volkswagen's goal of reaching sales of 800,000 units in the North American market by 2018.[110] Production of the vehicle is at Volkswagen's Puebla, Mexico, facility.[109]

Although no longer sharing any body panels with the Golf and having a longer wheelbase, this model is partly based on the same PQ35 platform.[112] VW's target of increasing its North America market resulted in creating more affordable mass appeal products. This forced cost cutting measures to be made, which include lower quality trim material, the return of the 2.0 L 8 valve 115bhp engine as well as rear drum brakes on lower trim models to lower starting price. Engines from the MK5 Jetta carried over include the 170hp 2.5 L (5-cylinder) as well as the economy-minded 140hp 2.0 TDI (diesel) engine. A hybrid, 1.4L engine mated to an electric motor will be avalible next year due to hybrid popularity in North America

The Jetta GLI, a sedan version of the Golf GTI based on the new Jetta will be revealed next year with the 2.0 TSI 200hp engine and a fully independent suspension for better driving dynamics.

This model is also expected to be introduced in the European[109] and other markets from 2011 onwards.[110] The engine range for Europe is expected to comprise 1.2 TSI, 1.4 TSI (122 or 160 PS), 2.0 TSI, 1.6 TDI and 2.0 TDI engines.[109] The European version will differ in some respects, particularly in having multi-link suspension at the rear.[112]

The sixth generation Jetta went on sale on July 22, 2010 in Mexico, thus becoming the only country in the world where the fourth (as "classic" Jetta), fifth (as Bora) and sixth generation Jetta are available. A special edition named "Bicentenario" and approved by the Mexican Government commemorates that country's 200th anniversary of the beginning of its war of Independence, on September 16, 1810. It is also the first car in Mexico with granted permission to use an official Government logo (a "2010" plaque).[113]

Alternative propulsion cars

In 2001, at the 18th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition in Berlin, Volkswagen released two environmentally friendly cars: the Bora HyMotion and the Bora Electric.

The Bora HyMotion was a hydrogen powered Mark 4 with a 75 kW fuel cell that could accelerate from 0 to 97 km/h (60 mph) in 12.5 seconds. With a 49 litre tank of cryogenically stored hydrogen, it had a range of 350 km (220 mi). Top speed was 140 km/h (87.0 mph).[114]

In 2002, Volkswagen, along with Paul Scherrer Institute released another hydrogen powered car called the Bora Hy.Power. The car was powered by hydrogen compressed to a pressure of 320 bar (4600 psi). It had ratings very similar to the HyMotion; with a 75 kW (100 hp) power source. A special feature of the car was a 60 kilowatt super capacitor which could boost power when needed and also recover energy when coasting.[115]

Volkswagen has considered producing a mild hybrid version of the fifth generation mainly for the North American market.[116] However, no official plans have been promulgated, and the company will continue its clean diesel push regardless of the decision regarding hybrid technology.[117]

Biofuels

Wagon being fueled with Biodiesel

Volkswagen released a Jetta MultiFuel Jetta in 1991, at first to the governments of the state of California and New York, and then for limited retail sale in those states to the public. They are an early example of an E85 vehicle, burning a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. These Jettas can still be found roaming the streets.

Volkswagen approves fueling Jetta TDIs with up to 5% biodiesel (B5).[118] The diesel engine can sometimes be run with higher percentages of biodiesel, particularly during warm months. However, if the car experiences a fault, Volkswagen may deny warranty coverage if unapproved fuel is used.[119]

Some owners have converted their diesel cars to run on vegetable oil used as fuel.[120] This can be obtained from most fast food restaurants for a minimal fee (if any). However, there has been at least one report of catastrophic engine damage resulting from the use of waste vegetable oil.[121] Running the car on biofuels of any type has the advantage of being at least partly carbon neutral.

Volkswagen also released a Bora TDI which was powered by SunFuel, a synthetic fuel developed in partnership with Royal Dutch Shell.[122] The company also displayed Bora TDI powered by SunDiesel that Volkswagen also developed with DaimlerChrysler along with Choren Industries.[123]

Use of the two most popular blends of Biodiesel that are mostly Biodiesel, B80 and B100, is not recommended in 2009 and 2010 US TDI engines.

Electric vehicle

In the early 1980s, Volkswagen released a limited production electric Jetta called the Jetta CitySTROMER. It featured a 24.8 hp (18.5 kW) powertrain (later 37.5 hp (28 kW)), with a range of 190 km (250 in the later version).[124]

The second concept vehicle was called the Bora Electric. It had a power rating that varied according to the operating conditions. The Bora Electric could accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 10 seconds with a range of 160 km. The energy needed to drive the vehicle is stored in a Lithium-ion battery. It was noted that its chance of success was limited in the marketplace given the high cost of the electric drive system.[125]

Awards and recognition

References

  1. ↑ Volkswagen of America (2005-01-05). "ALL-NEW JETTA MAKES WORLDWIDE DEBUT AT L.A. AUTO SHOW". Press release. http://web.archive.org/web/20050724081414/http://media.vw.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=9509. Retrieved 2009-09-03. 
  2. ↑ "Jetta History". Volkswagen AG. 2004-01-07. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928043735/http://media.vw.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=9382. Retrieved 2009-09-03. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 3. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-613-02116-1, p. 72-87.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mike Covello: Standard Catalog of Imported Cars 1946-2002. Krause Publications, Iola 2002. ISBN 0-87341-605-8, p. 826-829.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 ETKA
  6. ↑ Werner Oswald: Deutsche Autos 1945-1990, vol. 3. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-613-02116-1, p. 86. Note: German production only. Total production ca. 700,000 cars.
  7. ↑ Vack, Peter (1993). Illustrated Volkswagen Buyer's Guide. Osceola, WI USA: Motorbooks International. p. 124. ISBN 0-87938-724-6. 
  8. ↑ Volkswagen AG (2005-08-15). "IN BRIEF: THE NEW JETTA". Press release. http://web.archive.org/web/20051216084644/http://media.vw.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=9661. Retrieved 2009-09-03. 
  9. ↑ "Jetta arriba en julio y agosto". CNN Expansion. 2008-09-09. http://www.cnnexpansion.com/negocios/los-autos-mas-vendidos-en-julio-y-agosto/jetta-arriba-en-julio-y-agosto 
  10. ↑ Volkswagen AG (2008-03-04). "The Jetta". Press release. https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2008/03/04/the_jetta.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html. Retrieved 2009-09-04. 
  11. ↑ Volkswagen writes history. D-28436 Wolfsburg: Volkswagen Kommunikation Briefach. 1998 
  12. ↑ Grieger, Manfred (2003). Volkswagen Chronicle Volume 7. Wolfsburg, Germany: Volkswagen AG, Group Communications, Corporate History Department. p. 107. ISBN 3-935112-11-4. 
  13. ↑ Robson, Graham; Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (1996). Volkswagen Chronicle. Lincolnwood, Illinois, USA: Publications International, Ltd.. p. 160. ISBN 0-7853-1599-3. 
  14. ↑ Flammang, James M. (1996). VOLKSWAGEN Beetles, Buses & Beyond. Iola, Wisconsin, USA: Krause Publications. p. 219. ISBN 0-87341-419-5. 
  15. ↑ Robson, p.168
  16. ↑ Grieger, p. 92
  17. ↑ "Sterling Heights Assembly Plant". DaimlerChrysler. July 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-10-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20061017120906/http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0-5-8793-1-36910-1-0-0-0-0-0-91-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html. Retrieved 2009-09-03. 
  18. ↑ "Volkswagen". http://web.archive.org/web/20070927193134/http://www.globalautoindex.com/maker.plt?no=1425. Retrieved 2009-09-03 
  19. ↑ "NHTSA crash-test Archive". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 1981. http://www.safecarguide.com/exp/archive/archive.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-12. 
  20. ↑ Consumer Reports. June 1981. p. 290 
  21. ↑ White, John R. (1980-06-15). "VW'S JETTA A NIFTY LITTLE PACKAGE". Boston Globe: p. 1 
  22. ↑ CR, p.292
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